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Meristems are a group of cells that actively divide to form new cells and have various functions according to their location:

A. Apical Meristem

  • This tissue present at the apex of shoot, their branches and roots helps in increase in the length (primary growth).
  • The protoderm formed by the apical meristem gives rise to epidermis and epiblema of the stem and root, respectively.
  • The procambium forms the vascular tissues (Primary phloem and xylem and the interfascicular cambium).
  • The ground meristem gives rise to pith, pericycle, endodermis, cortex and hypodermis (Ground tissues).

B. Intercalary Meristem

  • These also help in primary growth by elongation of organs.
  • Regeneration of damaged/injured parts between the mature tissues e.g., at the base of leaves and at nodes is also a function of the intercalary meristem.

C. Lateral Meristem

  • This tissue produces secondary growth i.e., increase in thickness or girth of the plant. For example, vascular cambium in the root and interfascicular cambium in stem.
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