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What are the sources of water pollution?
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What are the sources of water pollution?
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Oil spills:
Crude oil and refined form enter water bodies during transport of oil, accidental spillages, harbours, coastal industries etc .This is harmful to planktons, fishes and marine plants.
Toxic metals:
Industrial effluents carry heavy metals like mercury, copper, zinc. lead etc.
Agricultural waste:
Excess of fertilizers enter into water bodies. Various pesticides, herbicides etc. enter water bodies along with runoff from agricultural fields.
Acids and Alkalies:
Various manufacturing units and chemical industries and mining operations are responsible for release of acids and alkalies to water bodies.
Soaps and Detergents:
Waste water from laundry, textile mills and domestic sewage contain large amount of soaps and detergents. They also contain non- degradable pollutants like benzene sulphonates.
Gases:
Ammonia, Chlorine, Hydrogen sulphide, Ozone, etc. are the main gaseous pollutants.
Radio- active wastes:
These include harmful radiations from nuclear power stations, drainage from hospitals, industries and nuclear research stations.
Heated effluents (Thermal Pollution):
Large amount of heated water are released from power stations and various industries and nuclear research stations.
Pathogens:
From slaughter houses, tanning industries waste water from municipalities may also contain many pathogenic micro-organisms like bacteria, fungi, etc.
Sewage disposal:
Domestic sewage contains urine, faeces, soaps, detergents, food remains and several other substances along with waste water.
Acid rains:
It may be secondary effect of air pollution, which alters pH of water bodies.
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