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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the technique to amplify specific sequences of DNA which is introduced by Kary Mullis in 1983.

Requirements for PCR is as below:

  1. Target DNA: denatured at 93 - 95°C
  2. PCR reaction mixture:
    1. Tris-HCL Buffer
    2. MgCl2
    3. KCl
    4. Gelatine
    5. 4 dNTPs (deoxynucleoside triphosphates) such as: dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP
    6. Triton-X 100
  3. Enzyme Taq (Thermus aquaticus) polymerase: thermostable
  4. Primers: should be 20-30 bps long
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